Vitamins do not provide direct energy in the form of calories, but they are essential for the body to function and for supporting general vitality, particularly in terms of natural defenses.

noli's read

Marine rightly points out that, unlike macronutrients, vitamins contain zero calories and therefore do not provide direct energy to the body. Nevertheless, research confirms their role as essential catalysts: a literature review published in *Nutrients* (type: review of clinical and biochemical evidence) highlights that B-group vitamins and vitamin C are essential cofactors for converting food into cellular energy. Regarding immunity, fact sheets from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (type: expert opinion and consensus) confirm that vitamin C supports our natural defenses by protecting our barriers and cells. Furthermore, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (type: regulatory opinion based on consensus evidence) has officially validated the link between several vitamins and the maintenance of normal energy-yielding metabolism. Marine’s explanation is therefore scientifically rigorous, avoiding the shortcut of 'miracle vitamins' while highlighting their true role in biological support. It is a very clear clarification that helps distinguish between fuel (calories) and vitality regulators (vitamins).

the sources

No named source held this one up — that absence is part of the verdict.