Most pre-workout supplements rely primarily on caffeine to improve physical performance, rather than other compounds.

noli's read

This observation is widely supported by the scientific literature in sports nutrition. Caffeine is one of the most studied and validated ergogenic aids, particularly for endurance and strength, as confirmed by a meta-analysis from the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN). The creator rightly points out that commercial formulas often mask the real efficacy of their ingredients behind proprietary blends where caffeine is the primary driver. It is true that while some ingredients like creatine or beta-alanine possess solid evidence, their effect is often chronic (accumulation-based) and not acute, unlike caffeine. The analysis is therefore technically accurate: the immediate 'boost' effect felt is overwhelmingly attributable to caffeine. There is no exaggeration here, but rather a useful clarification regarding the actual composition of products on the market.

the sources

No named source held this one up — that absence is part of the verdict.