Physical exercise promotes structural changes in the brain, notably an increase in brain volume and increased cortical thickness in motor areas and those requiring more oxygen, which is correlated with higher intelligence.

noli's read

Research broadly supports the idea that physical activity influences brain structure. Meta-analyses and observational studies (notably published in *NeuroImage* and *Neurology*) confirm that regular aerobic activity is associated with an increase in the volume of the hippocampus, a key area for memory, and better gray matter integrity. The link to 'motor areas' and oxygenation is scientifically consistent, as exercise stimulates the release of molecules like BDNF, which promotes neuronal plasticity. However, the claim directly linking this increased volume to 'intelligence' is a simplification. While correlations exist, intelligence is a multidimensional concept that is difficult to reduce to cortical thickness alone. It is more accurate to speak of improvements in cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive functions) than an increase in raw intelligence. The evidence is solid regarding the link between exercise and brain health, but the exact causal mechanism regarding intelligence remains a complex subject of study.

the sources

No named source held this one up — that absence is part of the verdict.